What is 3D Prototyping?

First Posted: Mar 16, 2020 11:05 AM EDT
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What is 3D Prototyping?

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The design of physical models has come a long way toward improving the efficiency of the process using innovative modern techniques for rapid 3D prototyping. The process takes a 2D model of a 3D object created with CAD software, and with the assistance of rapid prototyping services, either builds it with additive technology or sculpts it using subtractive methods. Both of the fundamentally different approaches boast multiple manufacturing options that offer mutually exclusive possibilities for every facet of the final product. There are always some limitations that exist with each process, so it is crucial to thoroughly verify the one that is selected for each project is the most qualified to meet its needs.

Additive Technology Options

The additive technologies have been growing in number in recent years with the advent of 3D printing becoming available with a variety of available methods. The most popular and affordable choice is Fused Deposition Modeling, which extrudes melted thermoplastic filament in layers that need to cool to cure properly.

SLA rapid prototyping, or stereolithography, uses photosensitive material that is stacked and cured by a UV light with each successive layer. It also has the advantage of leading very little or no finishing work after it is complete, which saves on production costs. 

Another additive technology is called powder bed fusion, and this process uses a build plate to construct parts by sintering or melting the material with a laser. Selective Laser Sintering, known as SLS rapid prototyping, is commonly used when parts are too intricate for accurate manufacturing with other options.

Subtractive Technology Methods

Subtractive methods are the original techniques used to create a prototype of a conceived object by starting with a sample of material larger than the finished model is intended to be. The excess is removed in a process that uses various cutting tools, like a sculptor would, to craft the desired dimensions and features. This approach has remained virtually unchanged in its basic concept since first being introduced. However, the equipment utilized to achieve the final results has advanced to the implementation of newer innovations for cutting like lasers instead of sharpened metal blades and instruments.

Computer Numerically Controlled Machining is also referred to as CNC milling, and it is the oldest manufacturing system using subtractive technology. It functions by following guidelines fed to the lathe by a computer system based upon a model generated by CAD software. This option has the widest range to draw from for potential source materials. 

Laser cutting and engraving is a more recent technology that has provided a variety of different new possibilities for design and a savings of time and cutting tools. The most distinct advantage for using lasers to cut is they do not have to be sharpened or replaced because they have become dull. This allows for complex configurations with no downtime to slow down the overall production time during extremely long runs.

Knowing what the industry has available is the most valuable tool for accurate creation because every step added to the process of creating a prototype will ultimately change the results. To choose the best options, learn everything there is about each by seeking the information from qualified experts.

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